🟢
[E9586] BRICS countries (China, Russia, India) are advancing multi-currency energy pricing with gold settlement, undermining USD reserve status. Countries like Kenya and Sri Lanka are swapping USD debt for CNY debt at significantly lower rates (China 1.4% vs Fed funds 4.25-4.5%), reducing dependence on potentially weaponized USD swap lines. Gromen argues this accelerates structural USD decline.
supporting · 2025-12-06